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Sockpuppet (Internet)
A sockpuppet is an online identity used for purposes of deception. The term, a reference to the manipulation of a simple hand puppet made from a sock, originally referred to a false identity assumed by a member of an Internet community who spoke to, or about, themselves while pretending to be another person.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Definition of ''sockpuppet'' )〕 The term now includes other misleading uses of online identities, such as those created to praise, defend or support a person or organization, or to circumvent a suspension or ban from a website. A significant difference between the use of a pseudonym〔A legitimate pseudonym is sometimes termed an "alt," short for "alternate identity."〕 and the creation of a sockpuppet is that the sockpuppet poses as an independent third-party unaffiliated with the puppeteer. Many online communities attempt to block sockpuppets.
==History==
The term "sockpuppet" was used as early as July 9, 1993, but did not become common in USENET groups until 1996. The first ''Oxford English Dictionary'' example of the term, defined as "a person whose actions are controlled by another; a minion," is taken from ''U.S. News and World Report'', March 27, 2000.〔''OED'', online edition, June 2011 (accessed August 18, 2011). The reference is to one Jennifer Brand, a 24-year-old student who backed President Clinton in 1996, by calling Gore 'a sock puppet.'〕
The history of reviewing one's own work under another name predates the Internet. Walt Whitman and Anthony Burgess both reviewed their books under pseudonyms.〔(Amy Harmon, "Amazon Glitch Unmasks War Of Reviewers," ) New York Times, February 14, 2004.〕 Another notable example was Benjamin Franklin.〔("Name that Ben," ) PBS.〕
On October 21, 2013 the Wikimedia Foundation (WMF) condemned paid advocacy sockpuppeting on Wikipedia and, on October 23, specifically banned editing by the public relations firm Wiki-PR.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Wikimedia Foundation sends cease and desist letter to WikiPR « Wikimedia blog )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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